All Named and Important Reactions with Reagents (As per NCERT) + Free PDF Notes without Login

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Named and important reactions with reagent for NEET and JEE

Class 11

1. Wurtz Reaction – Coupling of alkyl halides using Na in dry ether.
2. Kolbe’s Reaction – Phenol + CO₂ → Salicylic acid (NaOH catalyst).
3. Reimer–Tiemann Reaction – Phenol → Salicylaldehyde (CHCl₃ + NaOH).
4. Friedel–Crafts Alkylation/Acylation – Benzene + RCl/RCOCl (AlCl₃ catalyst).
5. Markovnikov’s Rule – HX adds to alkenes; H goes to carbon with more H.
6. Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition (Peroxide Effect) – In presence of ROOR.

Class 12

7. Aldol Condensation – Aldehydes/ketones with α-H → β-hydroxy carbonyls.
8. Cannizzaro Reaction – Aldehydes with no α-H undergo redox (strong base).
9. Haloform Reaction – Methyl ketones + Halogen → CHX₃ + acid.
10. Sandmeyer Reaction – Diazonium salts → Ar-X using CuX.
11. Gattermann Reaction – Diazonium → Ar-H using Cu/HCl.
12. Finkelstein Reaction – Halide exchange (Cl/Br → I) using NaI in acetone.
13. Swarts Reaction – Alkyl halides → Fluoroalkanes (AgF/SbF₃).
14. Carbylamine Reaction – 1° amine + CHCl₃ + alc. KOH → Isocyanide.
15. Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction – Amide → Amine (Br₂ + NaOH).
16. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis – For preparing primary amines.
17. Coupling Reaction – Diazonium salt + phenol/aniline → azo dye.
18. Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky (HVZ) Reaction – Halogenation of carboxylic acids.
19. Etard Reaction – Toluene → Benzaldehyde using CrO₂Cl₂.
20. Rosenmund Reaction – Acyl chloride → Aldehyde (H₂ + Pd/BaSO₄).
21. Clemmensen Reduction – Ketone/aldehyde → Alkane (Zn(Hg)/HCl).
22. Wolff–Kishner Reduction – Ketone/aldehyde → Alkane (NH₂NH₂ + base).
23. Stephen Reaction – Nitrile → Aldehyde (SnCl₂/HCl).
24. Acetylation – Acetic anhydride + Alcohols/amines → Esters/amides.
25. Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation – Electrophilic substitution.

Additional Reactions Worth Knowing for MCQs

• Tollens’ Test – Silver mirror test for aldehydes.
• Fehling’s Test – Detects aldehydes (except aromatic ones).
• Iodoform Test – For methyl ketones and ethanol.
• Baeyer’s Test – Purple KMnO₄ decolorizes with unsaturation.
• Lucas Test – Distinguishes 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols.
• Victor Meyer Test – Alcohol classification.
• Schotten–Baumann Reaction – Acylation of amines/alcohols in basic medium.
• Zaitsev’s Rule – Predicts major product in elimination reactions.